From Open Web to Sovereign Web
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Buterin argued that the modern internet is trapped in “walled gardens” that block interoperability, collect excessive personal data and push dopamine-driven content to maximize engagement metrics. According to him, this creates an illusion of choice while quietly disempowering users.
In contrast, the sovereign web would prioritize cryptographic protections, user control and long-term value over short-term profit. Buterin reframed sovereignty as more than resistance to censorship — it now also means freedom from algorithmic manipulation and psychological exploitation.
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“illusion of choice” is exactly how the modern internet feels once you zoom out